Everything you need to know about storing large quantities of water for emergencies. Includes barrel selection, treatment, rotation schedules, and space-saving tips.
Why 55 Gallons is the Perfect Starting Point
The standard recommendation for emergency water storage is one gallon per person per day for drinking and basic sanitation. For a family of four, that means 4 gallons daily, or 120 gallons for a 30-day supply. A single 55-gallon water barrel provides approximately two weeks of water for a family of four, making it an excellent foundation for your water storage plan. Water barrels are the most cost-effective and space-efficient method for storing large quantities of emergency water at home. A food-grade 55-gallon barrel costs $50-80, takes up only about 4 square feet of floor space, and when properly treated, the water inside can remain safe for 5 or more years. This guide walks you through every step of setting up your first water storage barrel system.
Choosing the Right Water Barrel
Not all barrels are suitable for long-term water storage. You must use food-grade, BPA-free, HDPE plastic barrels specifically designed for water stockpiling. These barrels are typically blue, which blocks light to prevent algae growth and clearly identifies the contents as water. Never use barrels that previously held chemicals, even if they appear clean. Look for barrels with the HDPE recycling symbol and FDA food-grade certification. New barrels are recommended for water storage to eliminate any contamination risk. Used barrels from food processing facilities can work if they previously held food-safe liquids like juice or syrup, but they require thorough cleaning and sanitization before use. Purchase from reputable emergency preparedness suppliers to ensure quality and safety.
Filling and Treating Your Water Barrel
Before filling, sanitize your barrel with a solution of one tablespoon of unscented household bleach per gallon of water. Swish the solution around to coat all interior surfaces, then drain completely. Fill the barrel using a clean, food-grade drinking water hose, not a standard garden hose which may contain lead and other contaminants. Fill from your municipal water supply, which is already treated with chlorine. For additional protection during long-term water storage, add water preserver concentrate or 1/4 teaspoon of unscented household bleach per gallon, which equals approximately 14 teaspoons for a 55-gallon barrel. This supplemental treatment ensures the water remains safe for up to 5 years without rotation. Seal the barrel tightly using the included bung caps and a bung wrench.
Placement and Storage Location
A full 55-gallon water barrel weighs approximately 460 pounds, so placement planning is critical. Place the barrel in its permanent location before filling, as moving it afterward is nearly impossible without draining. Choose a cool, dark location away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Basements and garages are ideal locations for emergency water storage. Place the barrel on a sturdy platform or pallet to keep it off concrete floors, which can leach chemicals into plastic over time and cause temperature fluctuations. Ensure the floor can support the weight. If storing in a garage, keep the barrel away from gasoline, pesticides, and other chemicals, as vapors can permeate through plastic over time. Leave enough space around the barrel to access the bung openings for filling, treating, and dispensing water.
Dispensing and Rotation Schedule
Invest in a quality hand pump or siphon designed for water barrels to make dispensing easy and sanitary. Battery-powered pumps are convenient but manual pumps are more reliable for emergencies. A simple siphon pump costs under $10 and works without any power source. For rotation, if you used water preserver concentrate, your water is good for 5 years. If you used bleach only, plan to rotate every 6-12 months. Mark the fill date clearly on the barrel with a permanent marker. When rotating, use the old water for gardening, cleaning, or other non-drinking purposes. Refill with fresh treated water following the same sanitization and treatment process. This water stockpiling rotation ensures your emergency water supply is always fresh and safe when you need it most.
Expanding Your Water Storage System
Once you have your first 55-gallon barrel established, consider expanding your emergency water supply. Add additional barrels to reach your target storage volume. For a family of four aiming for a 30-day supply, three barrels provide approximately 165 gallons, exceeding the minimum recommendation. Supplement barrel storage with smaller portable containers like 5-gallon jugs and WaterBOB bathtub bladders for additional capacity during imminent emergencies. Consider installing a rainwater collection system as a renewable water source. A basic rain barrel system can collect hundreds of gallons during a single storm. Remember that rainwater requires purification before drinking. Your complete long-term water storage plan should include stored water, purification equipment, and renewable collection methods for true water security.
Tom Bradley
Tom is a homesteader and water storage specialist who has designed emergency water systems for families and communities across the country.